Ecosystem Model Release Date Status Notes
OpenAI GPT-1 June, 2018 Active Trained with BookCorpus 4.5 GB of text, from 7,000 unpublished books of various genres.
GPT-2 February, 2019 Active Trained with WebText: 40 GB of text, 8 million documents, from 45 million webpages upvoted on Reddit.
GPT-3 May, 2020 Active Trained with 499 billion tokens consisting of CommonCrawl (570 GB), WebText, English Wikipedia, and two books corpora (Books1 and Books2)
GPT-3.5 March, 2022 Active Undisclosed
GPT-4 March, 2023 Active Undisclosed
GPT-4o May, 2024 Active Undisclosed
GPT-4.5 February, 2025 Active Undisclosed
GPT-4.1 April, 2025 Active Undisclosed
GPT-5 August, 2025 Active Undisclosed
GPT-5.1 November, 2025 Active Incremental GPT-5 update listed in the ChatGPT model timeline on Wikipedia.
GPT-5.2 December, 2025 Active Follow-up GPT-5 release listed in the ChatGPT model timeline on Wikipedia.
GPT-5.3 2026 Active GPT-5 branch update listed in the ChatGPT model list on Wikipedia.
GPT-5.3-Codex 2026 Active Coding-specialized GPT-5.3 variant listed on the ChatGPT page.
GPT-5.4 March, 2026 Active Enterprise-focused GPT-5 update listed in the ChatGPT timeline on Wikipedia.
GPT-5.5 2026 Active Most capable GPT-5 branch release listed as the current engine on Wikipedia.
GPT-4 Turbo November, 2023 Discontinued Earlier lower-cost GPT-4 generation that preceded GPT-4.1 and GPT-4o families.
GPT-4o mini July, 2024 Active Cost-efficient GPT-4o variant for high-throughput and latency-sensitive use cases.
o1-preview September, 2024 Discontinued Early reasoning-model preview that introduced explicit long-thought style inference.
o1-mini September, 2024 Active Smaller reasoning-focused model optimized for lower cost.
o1 December, 2024 Active Production reasoning model for complex coding, math and multi-step planning.
o3-mini January, 2025 Active Fast and efficient reasoning model for routine analytical workloads.
o3 2025 Active Higher-capability reasoning model tier for difficult multi-step tasks.
o4-mini 2025 Active Latest mini reasoning family focused on strong capability at low cost and latency.
gpt-oss-20b 2026 Active Open-weight OpenAI model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
gpt-oss-120b 2026 Active Larger open-weight OpenAI model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Google LaMDA May, 2022 Active Currently, LaMDA is not available to the public but is accessible to select developers for testing and refinement.
Bard March, 2023 Discontinued Google's first experimental chatbot service based on LaMDA
PaLM April, 2022 Discontinued Pathways Language Model family that preceded PaLM 2 and Gemini.
PaLM 2 May, 2023 Discontinued Successor to PaLM with stronger multilingual, reasoning and coding capabilities.
Gemini 1.0 Nano December, 2023 Discontinued Designed for on-device tasks and first available in Google's Pixel 8 Pro
Gemini 1.0 Pro December, 2023 Discontinued Designed for a diverse range of tasks
Gemini 1.0 Ultra February, 2024 Discontinued Google's most powerful offering in the Gemini 1.0 family
Gemini 1.5 Pro February, 2024 Discontinued As a successor to the 1.0 series of models, 1.5 Pro offers significantly increased context size (up to 1 million tokens). It is designed to be the most capable model in the Gemini 1.5 family.
Gemini 1.5 Flash May, 2024 Discontinued Faster 1.5 variant announced at Google I/O 2024 for lower latency and cost.
Gemini 2.0 Flash January, 2025 Active Developed by Google with a focus on multimodality, agentic capabilities, and speed
Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking December, 2024 Active Reasoning-oriented Gemini variant designed for longer multi-step problem solving.
Gemini 2.0 Pro (Experimental) February, 2025 Active Experimental higher-capability Gemini 2.0 tier for advanced tasks.
Gemini 2.0 Flash-Lite February, 2025 Active First-ever Gemini Flash-Lite model designed for cost-efficiency and speed
Gemini 2.5 Pro March, 2025 Active Introduced first as 2.5 Pro Experimental and later made generally available in June 2025.
Gemini 2.5 Flash April, 2025 Active Default Gemini model announced at I/O 2025, optimized for speed with strong multimodal capability.
Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite June, 2025 Active Cost-efficient Flash variant introduced in the June 2025 Gemini 2.5 family expansion.
Gemini 2.5 Flash Image (Nano Banana) August, 2025 Active Image generation/editing model publicly released as "Nano Banana" and later identified as Gemini 2.5 Flash Image.
Gemma February, 2024 Active Lightweight open model family released by Google for local and research usage.
Gemma 2 June, 2024 Active Improved open model generation with stronger quality and efficiency.
Gemma 3 2025 Active Latest Gemma family iteration focused on stronger reasoning and multimodal support.
Gemini 3 Pro November, 2025 Active New Gemini 3 flagship generation that replaced 2.5 Pro in Google announcements.
Gemini 3 Deep Think November, 2025 Active Reasoning-focused Gemini 3 variant based on the 2.5 Pro Deep Think mode.
Gemini 3 Flash December, 2025 Active Frontier-speed Gemini 3 model optimized for low latency and high throughput.
Gemini 3.1 Pro February, 2026 Active Incremental Pro update for more complex reasoning and enterprise workloads.
Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite March, 2026 Active Flash-Lite 3.1 release targeted at intelligence at scale with low-cost serving.
Gemini Robotics March, 2025 Active Vision-language-action model built on Gemini 2.0 for robotics control tasks.
Gemma 4 April, 2026 Active Gemma generation designed for stronger reasoning and agentic workflows.
Meta OPT May, 2022 Non-commercial GPT-3 architecture with some adaptations from Megatron. Uniquely, the training logbook written by the team was published. Corpus size 180 billion tokens.
Galactica November, 2022 Discontinued Research model family focused on scientific text generation; withdrawn shortly after release.
Llama 1 February, 2023 Discontinued Corpus size 1.4 trillion tokens
Chameleon June, 2024 Active Early-fusion multimodal model architecture from Meta Research for text+image generation.
Llama 2 July, 2023 Discontinued Corpus size 2 trillion tokens
Code Llama August, 2023 Discontinued Code-specialized Llama 2 derivative tuned for code completion and infilling.
Llama 3 April, 2024 Active Corpus size 15 trillion tokens
Llama 3.1 July, 2024 Active Corpus size 15.6 trillion tokens
Llama 3.2 September, 2024 Active Corpus size 9 trillion tokens
Llama 3.3 December, 2024 Active Corpus size 15 trillion tokens
Llama 4 April, 2025 Active Corpus size 40 trillion tokens
Llama 4 Maverick April, 2025 Active Llama 4 released variant (17B active parameters, 128-expert MoE) listed as stable on Wikipedia.
Llama 4 Scout April, 2025 Active Llama 4 released variant (17B active parameters, 16-expert MoE) with very long context support.
Llama 4 Behemoth 2025 Announced Announced by Meta but not publicly released at the time Scout and Maverick shipped.
Microsoft Copilot September, 2023 Active Based on Microsoft's Prometheus model, which is based on OpenAI's GPT-4 series
Phi-1 June, 2023 Discontinued Small language model (1.3B) trained with textbook-quality data.
Phi-1.5 September, 2023 Discontinued Improved 1.3B small model with stronger reasoning and coding than Phi-1.
Phi-2 December, 2023 Active 1.4T tokens, 2.7B parameters, strong benchmark performance for its size.
Phi-3 April, 2024 Active Phi-3-mini, Phi-3-small, Phi-3-medium and Phi-3-vision.
Phi-3.5 August, 2024 Active Mid-cycle Phi update with stronger long-context and multilingual performance.
Phi-4 December, 2024 Active Next-generation Phi family tuned for reasoning and agent workloads.
Phi-4-mini 2025 Active Lower-latency, lower-cost Phi-4 variant for edge and high-throughput scenarios.
Phi-4-multimodal 2025 Active Multimodal Phi-4 variant supporting image+text understanding and generation.
Phi-4-reasoning 2025 Active Reasoning-focused Phi-4 variant optimized for multi-step analytical tasks.
MAI-Thinking-1 June, 2026 Active Microsoft AI flagship reasoning model. Medium-sized model that ranks among the strongest in its weight class, matching leading models on key software engineering benchmarks, showing advanced mathematical reasoning, and preferred over Claude Sonnet 4.6 in blind side-by-side human evaluations. Trained from the ground up on clean data without distillation from third-party models.
MAI-Code-1-Flash June, 2026 Active Inference-efficient agentic coding model tailored for and deeply integrated into GitHub Copilot, VS Code and the Microsoft stack. With 5 billion active parameters, it is positioned as comparable to Claude Haiku-class models at lower cost.
MAI-Image-2.5 June, 2026 Active Image generation and editing model supporting world-class text-to-image and image editing tasks. Microsoft states it surpasses the Arena score of Nano Banana Pro.
MAI-Image-2.5-Flash June, 2026 Active Ultra-efficient Flash variant of MAI-Image-2.5 for lower-cost text-to-image and image editing workloads.
MAI-Transcribe-1.5 June, 2026 Active Speech-to-text model described by Microsoft as state-of-the-art in transcription accuracy, five times faster than competing models, with built-in support for domain-specific terminology across 43 languages.
MAI-Voice-2 June, 2026 Active High-quality multilingual speech generation model across 15 languages, capable of adapting to a voice from a short sample and including safeguards against misuse.
MAI-Voice-2-Flash June, 2026 Announced Lower-cost, ultra-efficient upcoming variant of MAI-Voice-2 announced as coming soon.
Anthropic Claude 1 March, 2023 Discontinued First public Claude generation focused on helpful and safer assistant behavior.
Claude 2 July, 2023 Discontinued Major capability and context window increase over Claude 1.
Claude Instant 1.2 2023 Discontinued Lower-latency Claude 2-era variant used for fast and lower-cost responses.
Claude 2.1 November, 2023 Discontinued Improved reliability and reduced hallucinations.
Claude 3 (Haiku, Sonnet, Opus) March, 2024 Active Multimodal family balancing speed, cost and reasoning quality.
Claude 3.5 Sonnet June, 2024 Active Strong coding and agentic performance with better latency/cost profile.
Claude 3.5 Haiku October, 2024 Active Fast and cost-efficient model for high-throughput use cases.
Claude 3.7 Sonnet February, 2025 Active Hybrid reasoning model with improved long-horizon task execution.
Claude Sonnet 4 May, 2025 Active New generation tuned for coding, tool use and production workflows.
Claude Opus 4 May, 2025 Active Highest-capability Claude tier for complex reasoning and agent tasks.
Claude Opus 4.1 April, 2026 Active Incremental Opus 4 update listed in the Claude model timeline on Wikipedia.
Claude Haiku 4.5 October, 2025 Active Haiku branch update focused on speed and cost efficiency.
Claude Sonnet 4.5 2025 Active Sonnet branch update listed in the model versions table on Wikipedia.
Claude Opus 4.5 2025 Active Opus branch update listed in the model versions table on Wikipedia.
Claude Sonnet 4.6 February, 2026 Active Sonnet branch update listed as a stable release in the Wikipedia infobox.
Claude Opus 4.6 2026 Active Opus branch update listed in the model versions table on Wikipedia.
Claude Opus 4.7 April, 2026 Active Latest Opus stable release listed in the Wikipedia infobox timeline.
Claude Opus 4.8 2026 Active Newer Opus release listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Claude Mythos Preview 2026 Preview Preview Claude model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Claude Fable 5 9 June 2026 Active A Mythos-class model that we've made safe for general use.
Claude Mythos 5 (preview) 9 June 2026 Limited availability Ready for a small group of cyberdefenders and infrastructure providers. It's the same underlying model as Fable 5, but with the safeguards lifted in some areas.
Mistral AI Mistral 7B September, 2023 Active Open-weights base model that accelerated the open model ecosystem.
Mixtral 8x7B December, 2023 Active Sparse MoE model with strong quality/latency tradeoff.
Mixtral 8x22B April, 2024 Active Larger MoE model for higher reasoning and generation quality.
Mistral Large 2 July, 2024 Active Flagship frontier model offered through API and cloud partners.
Pixtral 12B September, 2024 Active Multimodal model line for image + text tasks.
Mistral Large (24.02) February, 2024 Discontinued First Mistral Large release for enterprise and multilingual/coding tasks.
Mistral Small February, 2024 Discontinued Smaller companion model launched alongside Mistral Large (24.02).
Codestral 22B May, 2024 Discontinued First Mistral code-focused open-weight model family.
Mathstral 7B July, 2024 Active STEM and mathematical reasoning-focused model.
Codestral Mamba 7B July, 2024 Active Code model variant built on Mamba architecture for longer-context generation.
Ministral 3B October, 2024 Active Small dense model in the Ministral line.
Ministral 8B October, 2024 Active Larger dense Ministral variant for stronger capability at moderate cost.
Pixtral Large (24.11) November, 2024 Active Large multimodal model combining a visual encoder with Mistral Large 2.
Mistral Large 2 (24.11) November, 2024 Active Refreshed Mistral Large 2 release in the model timeline.
Mistral Small 3 January, 2025 Discontinued 24B-parameter small model generation preceding 3.1 and 3.2 refreshes.
Codestral 25.01 January, 2025 Discontinued Codestral model refresh for coding workloads.
Mistral Small 3.1 March, 2025 Discontinued Smaller and more efficient successor to Mistral Small 3.
Devstral Small (25.05) May, 2025 Discontinued Early Devstral branch for agentic coding tasks.
Mistral Small 3.2 June, 2025 Discontinued Refresh release of Mistral Small 3.1.
Devstral Medium 1.0 July, 2025 Active Agentic coding model in the Devstral lineup.
Devstral Small 1.1 (25.07) July, 2025 Active Updated small Devstral variant for coding and tool use.
Codestral 25.08 August, 2025 Active Updated Codestral release in the enterprise coding stack.
Mistral Large 3 December, 2025 Active Sparse MoE flagship generation succeeding Mistral Large 2.
Ministral 3 December, 2025 Active Dense small-model family (3B/8B/14B) released with Mistral Large 3.
Devstral 2 December, 2025 Active New Devstral generation focused on stronger coding performance.
Devstral Small 2 December, 2025 Active Compact coding model released alongside Devstral 2.
Mistral Medium 3.5 2026 Active Medium-tier model listed in the current product lineup.
Mistral Small 4 2026 Active Latest small model generation in the Mistral product line.
Magistral Small 2509 2025 Active Reasoning-focused Mistral release listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
xAI Grok-1 November, 2023 Discontinued First Grok generation integrated into X ecosystem products.
Grok-1.5 May, 2024 Discontinued Improved reasoning and long-context capabilities (128k context window).
Grok-2 August, 2024 Discontinued Stronger general model with improved coding and tool use; predecessor to Grok 3.
Grok-2 mini August, 2024 Discontinued Smaller Grok-2 variant focused on speed and efficiency.
Grok-2.5 August, 2025 Discontinued Source-available Grok update released after Grok-2 and before Grok 4 family.
Grok-3 February, 2025 Discontinued Major flagship release with reasoning modes and DeepSearch.
Grok-3 mini February, 2025 Discontinued Faster and smaller Grok-3 variant released alongside Grok-3.
Grok 4 July, 2025 Active Successor to Grok 3; flagship generation introduced with Grok 4 Heavy.
Grok 4 Fast September, 2025 Active Enterprise-focused variant tuned for lower latency and reduced token usage.
Grok 4.1 November, 2025 Active Incremental Grok 4 update aimed at better reasoning and lower hallucination rates.
Grok 4.1 Fast November, 2025 Active Fast variant of Grok 4.1 optimized for tool-calling and agentic workflows.
Grok 4.3 Beta April, 2026 Active Latest stable track listed in Wikipedia infobox timeline.
Cohere Command R March, 2024 Active Enterprise-focused model optimized for retrieval and tool use.
Command R+ April, 2024 Active Higher-capability tier in the Command R family.
Aya 23 2024 Active Open multilingual model family from Cohere For AI.
Alibaba (Qwen) Qwen 1.5 February, 2024 Active Major open model line update with broad size variants.
Qwen 2 June, 2024 Active Improved multilingual and coding performance.
Qwen 2.5 September, 2024 Active Strong open model family with broad ecosystem adoption.
Qwen 3 April, 2025 Active Next generation Qwen family with stronger reasoning variants.
QwQ-32B November, 2024 Active Reasoning-focused model line released with open weights.
Qwen2.5-Coder November, 2024 Active Code generation family for software engineering workloads.
Qwen2.5-VL January, 2025 Active Vision-language family with multimodal understanding across image and text.
Qwen2.5-Omni March, 2025 Active Multimodal model supporting text, image, video and audio interactions.
Qwen3-Coder July, 2025 Active Advanced coding-focused Qwen3 branch for agentic software development.
Qwen3-Omni September, 2025 Active Omni branch of Qwen3 targeting unified multimodal I/O.
Qwen3-VL September, 2025 Active Vision-language continuation in the Qwen3 generation.
Qwen3-Coder-Next February, 2026 Active Hybrid coding model positioned as a next-step update in the coder branch.
Qwen3.5 February, 2026 Active Open-weights Qwen3.5 release focused on complex task completion.
Qwen3.5-Plus February, 2026 Active Higher-capability proprietary tier in the Qwen3.5 generation.
Qwen3.6-35B-A3B April, 2026 Active Open model release in the Qwen3.6 line (MoE-style activated parameters).
Qwen3.6-27B April, 2026 Active Qwen3.6 line release listed in the stable release timeline.
Qwen3.7 Plus May, 2026 Active Latest stable-track Qwen3.7 Plus release listed in the infobox timeline.
Qwen3.7 Max May, 2026 Active Latest flagship stable-track Qwen3.7 Max release.
DeepSeek DeepSeek Coder November, 2023 Active First DeepSeek model family focused on code generation tasks.
DeepSeek-V2 May, 2024 Active Efficient MoE model focused on cost/performance.
DeepSeek-V2.5 September, 2024 Active Unified update combining general and coding capabilities from the V2 line.
DeepSeek-V3 December, 2024 Active Upgraded base model with strong benchmark results.
DeepSeek-V3-0324 March, 2025 Active MIT-licensed refresh of the V3 line released in March 2025.
DeepSeek-V3.1 August, 2025 Active Hybrid thinking/non-thinking architecture with improved coding benchmarks.
DeepSeek-V3.1-Terminus September, 2025 Active Incremental V3.1 update released as the Terminus variant.
DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp September, 2025 Discontinued Experimental V3.2 preview before final V3.2 release.
DeepSeek-V3.2 December, 2025 Active V3.2 production release in the DeepSeek V3 family.
DeepSeek-VL2 November, 2025 Active Vision-language model line extending DeepSeek multimodal capabilities.
DeepSeek-R1-Lite-Preview November, 2024 Discontinued Early preview release of the R1 reasoning line via chat.
DeepSeek-R1 January, 2025 Active Reasoning-focused model family emphasizing chain-of-thought quality.
DeepSeek-R1-0528 May, 2025 Active Updated R1 release under MIT license with improved reasoning behavior.
DeepSeek-V4-Pro (Preview) April, 2026 Preview Preview of the V4 series with 1M context window in the April 2026 announcement.
DeepSeek-V4-Flash (Preview) April, 2026 Preview Faster V4 preview variant released alongside V4-Pro.
AWS Titan April, 2023 Active Earlier Amazon Bedrock model family. Titan includes first-generation AWS foundation model lines such as Titan Text, Titan Embeddings, and Titan Image.
Nova December, 2024 Active Newer Amazon Bedrock model family (for example Nova Micro, Lite, Pro, and Premier), positioned as the latest AWS generation relative to Titan.
Nova Pro 2024 Active Nova text/multimodal model variant explicitly listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
AI21 Labs Jamba 1.5 Mini 2024 Active AI21 hybrid model available in Amazon Bedrock.
Jamba 1.5 Large 2024 Active Larger AI21 Jamba variant listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
MiniMax MiniMax M2 2025 Active MiniMax model family listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
MiniMax M2.1 2025 Active Incremental MiniMax M2 line release in Bedrock model cards.
MiniMax M2.5 2026 Active Latest MiniMax model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
MiniMax M3 2026 Active New MiniMax M3 generation listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Moonshot AI Kimi K2 Thinking 2026 Active Reasoning-focused Kimi model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Kimi K2.5 2026 Active Updated Kimi family release listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Kimi K2.7 Code 2026 Active Coding-specialized Kimi release listed in the Moonshot model timeline.
NVIDIA NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 9B v2 2026 Active Compact Nemotron model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Super 120B 2026 Active Large NVIDIA Nemotron model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Writer Palmyra X4 2025 Active Writer enterprise model listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Palmyra X5 2026 Active Newer Writer Palmyra release listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
Z.AI GLM 4.7 2026 Active Z.AI GLM series release listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
GLM 4.7 Flash 2026 Active Faster GLM variant listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
GLM 5 2026 Active Latest GLM generation listed in Amazon Bedrock model cards.
GLM 5.2 2026 Active Incremental GLM 5 update listed in the Z.AI model timeline.
Opencode Go 2026 Active Umbrella routing model that centralizes API access to external LLM providers (Includes models like Kimi, GLM, Qwen, DeepSeek, ...)
Zen 2026 Active Umbrella routing model that centralizes API access to external LLM providers (Includes premium models such as Claude (Sonnet, Opus), GPT (OpenAI), Gemini, ...)